What is the purpose of an isolation transformer?

The purpose of an isolation transformer is to provide electrical isolation between circuits. This type of transformer is designed to isolate the secondary circuit from the primary circuit, which enhances safety and minimizes the risk of electric shock. By preventing direct electrical contact between the two circuits, isolation transformers protect sensitive electronic equipment from power surges and noise on the supply line.

Additionally, they help in reducing ground loops and improving overall system reliability. This isolation is critical in applications where sensitive equipment, such as medical devices or audio equipment, is used, as it allows for the safe operation of these devices without the risk of interference from other electrical sources.

The other functions mentioned in the remaining answer choices pertain to different types of transformers or electrical devices, which do not align with the primary characteristic of an isolation transformer. For instance, stepping up voltage levels refers to transformers designed for that specific purpose, while converting AC to DC involves rectifiers, and increasing current flow typically relates to transformers or devices focused on increasing current capacity rather than isolation.