What is the primary function of a relay in electrical circuits?

The primary function of a relay in electrical circuits is to control a large current with a small current. Relays serve as electrically operated switches that utilize an electromagnetic coil to open or close a circuit. This allows a low-power signal to control a higher power circuit without the two being directly connected.

The operation of a relay begins when a small current is applied to the coil, creating a magnetic field that pulls a switch mechanism. This action results in the closing or opening of contacts which control the flow of a larger current. This capability makes relays invaluable in various applications where it is necessary to isolate control circuits from the high-power circuits they manage, providing safety and control in electrical systems.

A relay’s ability to manage high electrical loads while using only a small input current is a fundamental aspect of many control systems, allowing for automation and improved efficiency in electrical systems.